KTM 390 Duke
Every consumable spec for the KTM 390 Duke, each fact sourced, dated, and shown with the source it came from. US-market reference — verify against your owner's manual.
lightweight naked · 2013–present · 373cc single (399cc 2024+)
US market entry lagged EU: gen 1 (373cc) launched 2013 EU / 2015 US. Gen 2 373cc 2017–2023, gen 3 399cc 2024+.
Spec plate
+3 sources, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2016 Owner's Manual (gen 1, 373cc) p.171 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50) — Standard/classification: JASO T903 MA”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.245 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50) — Standard/classification: JASO T903 MA2 ... Partially synthetic engine oil. Recommended supplier MOTOREX® — Formula 4T.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2022 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50) — Standard/classification: JASO T903 MA2”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.119 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50) — Standard/classification: JASO T903 MA2”
+2 sources, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2016 Owner's Manual (gen 1, 373cc) p.171 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50)”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.245 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50) — Guideline: Partially synthetic engine oil. Recommended supplier MOTOREX® — Formula 4T.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.118 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil (SAE 15W/50)”
+2 sources, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2016 Owner's Manual (gen 1, 373cc) p.161 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil 1.7 l (1.8 qt.)”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.231 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil 1.7 l (1.8 qt.)”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.112 (opens in new tab)
“Engine oil 1.5 l (1.6 qt.)”
We list the manual's 'with filter change' figure — not the dry-rebuild total that circulates online. On small engines that difference is a 25% overfill.
full citation
- HiFlofiltro online catalogue (opens in new tab)
“HF155 applications include 390 Duke 13-23 and 390 Duke 24-26 (both generations, one part). OEM cross-refs: KTM 580.38.005.000 / 580.38.005.100 / 580.38.005.101 / 901.38.015.000.”
full citation
- HiFlofiltro online catalogue (opens in new tab)
“HFA6302 application: 390 Duke 13-23 (single row, no gen 3 listing found).”
+1 source, quotes
- NGK Europe spark plug part finder (opens in new tab)
“ngkntk.com part-finder listing 'Spark Plugs for KTM 390 Duke' encodes LKAR8AI-9, count 1, 390cc-class, from 2013.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.226 (opens in new tab)
“Spark plug: BOSCHVR5NEU. Spark plug electrode gap: 1 mm (0.04 in).”
full citation
- EBC Brakes US Motorcycle Catalogue #304 (opens in new tab)
“390 Duke 2015-2022 → FA606 / FA606HH.”
Not yet verified against a primary source — carry this as a gap, not a spec. Check your owner's manual before you rely on it.
full citation
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.244 (opens in new tab)
“Brake fluid DOT 4 / DOT 5.1. Recommended supplier Castrol — REACT PERFORMANCE DOT 4; MOTOREX® — Brake Fluid DOT 5.1.”
+2 sources, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.233 (opens in new tab)
“Secondary ratio 15:45. Chain 5/8 x 1/4" (520) X-ring.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.111 (opens in new tab)
“Secondary ratio 15:45. Chain 5/8 x 1/4" (520) X-ring.”
- JT Sprockets Application Guide 2024 (opens in new tab)
“390 Duke ABS 13-19 and 20 → JTF1908(15T)/JTR890(45T), 520, 112 links. 390 Duke ABS 21 and 22-23 → same F/R, 118 links.”
+2 sources, quotes
- Yuasa Battery Application Guide 2026 (opens in new tab)
“390 Duke '15-'18 → YTX9-BS.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.234 (opens in new tab)
“12-V battery ETZ-9-BS. Battery voltage: 12 V. Nominal capacity: 8 Ah. Maintenance-free.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2016 Owner's Manual (gen 1, 373cc) p.162 (opens in new tab)
“Battery FTZ-9. Nominal capacity: 8 Ah.”
+1 source, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.245 (opens in new tab)
“Only use high-grade, silicate-free coolant with corrosion inhibitor additive for aluminum motors. ... Antifreeze protection to at least −25°C (−13°F). Recommended supplier MOTOREX® — COOLANT M3.0.”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.118 (opens in new tab)
“Only use high-grade, silicate-free coolant with corrosion inhibitor additive for aluminum motors. ... Antifreeze protection to at least −25°C (−13°F). Recommended supplier MOTOREX® — COOLANT M3.0.”
+2 sources, quotes
- KTM 390 Duke 2016 Owner's Manual (gen 1, 373cc) p.161 (opens in new tab)
“Oil drain plug M24x1.5 15 Nm (11.1 lbf ft).”
- KTM 390 Duke 2021 Owner's Manual (gen 2, 373cc) p.230 (opens in new tab)
“Oil drain plug M24x1.5 15 Nm (11.1 lbf ft).”
- KTM 390 Duke 2024 Owner's Manual (gen 3, 399cc) p.111 (opens in new tab)
“Oil drain plug M24x1.5 12.5 Nm (9.22 lbf ft).”
Oil capacities are the manufacturer's with-filter-change figure, not the dry-rebuild total that circulates online. Always verify against your own owner's manual before you turn a wrench — this is educational reference, not a repair procedure.
Service intervals
| Years | Oil & filter |
|---|---|
| 2013–2023 | 4,650 mi / 12 mo |
| 2024–present | 6,200 mi / 12 mo |
Street, track, mixed
Street
- We list the manual's 'with filter change' figure — not the dry-rebuild total that circulates online. On small engines that difference is a 25% overfill.
- Pads fit calipers, not bikes. That's why one shape number covers a Hayabusa and a V-Strom — and why the same bike model can change shape mid-generation. We resolve pads by caliper and year.
Track
- After track days, shorten your oil change. How much is genuinely unsettled — manufacturers say 'adjust to your use,' not a number. Used-oil analysis is the only rigorous answer.
- A street-legal sintered or EPFA-class pad is the manufacturer-sanctioned track-day choice. Full race compounds are for when the pad is the limiting factor — and yours isn't yet.
- RBF-class fluid buys you ~80°C more fade margin when fresh — and gives most of it back within a year as it absorbs moisture. It's a consumable you change more often, not an upgrade you install once.
- For the street: silicate-free motorcycle coolant (Honda's manuals explain why — silicates chew water-pump seals). For the track: check your org's rules — most ban ethylene glycol outright; pro racing allows water only.
Mixed
Run the street specs above, then shorten the oil interval after track days — how much is genuinely unsettled, so used-oil analysis is the honest guide. If your organisation tech-inspects coolant, check its rules before a session.
Maintenance jobs & what they cost
Oil & filter change
Beginner-safeParts — Oil spec JASO MA2 · Viscosity 15W-50 · Oil capacity with filter 1.5 L · drain not published · dry total not published · Oil filter OEM 580.38.005.000 family · HiFlo HF155 · Drain plug torque 12.5 Nm
Tools — torque wrench, oil filter wrench, drain pan, funnel, new sealing washer (if your bike uses one)
Dealer oil-change quotes run $90–130 (Harley outliers $180–280 excluded); independent-shop average is closer to $56. DIY consumables run $30–60, saving roughly $40–120 per change with tooling paid back in 2–3 changes. Sourced: CostHack / Trak Powersports / J.D. Power, aggregated in docs/research/demand-competition.md.
Some links may earn TOSPEC a commission at no cost to you. Prices shown are typical street prices for consumables (oil, pads, chains, filters, fluids) — always verify fitment and price at the retailer. Affiliate relationships are day-0 unmonetized (status "none" below) while the site scales; this file is the config that flips them on.
Front brake pads
Experience neededParts — Front brake pads EBC FA606HH (HH) ByBre 4-piston, single disc · 1 set
Tools — torque wrench, hex/Allen key set (caliper mounting bolts), C-clamp or piston-retraction tool, wire brush, brake cleaner
Editorial estimate, not separately itemized in the research corpus: a 0.5–1 hr front-pad swap at the same dealer shop-rate bracket implied by the oil-change pricing in docs/research/demand-competition.md, plus a $30–60 OEM/aftermarket pad set. Verify locally before quoting.
Some links may earn TOSPEC a commission at no cost to you. Prices shown are typical street prices for consumables (oil, pads, chains, filters, fluids) — always verify fitment and price at the retailer. Affiliate relationships are day-0 unmonetized (status "none" below) while the site scales; this file is the config that flips them on.
Chain & sprocket kit
Experience neededParts — Chain & sprockets 520 · 118 links · 15/45T
Tools — torque wrench, chain breaker / riveting tool, angle grinder or chain-link sizing tool, rear paddock stand, chain alignment tool
Editorial estimate, not separately itemized in the research corpus: a full chain-and-sprocket swap (wheel off, alignment, torque-critical rear axle) runs several labor hours at the shop-rate bracket implied by the oil-change pricing in docs/research/demand-competition.md, plus an $80–150 520/525/530 kit. Verify locally before quoting.
Some links may earn TOSPEC a commission at no cost to you. Prices shown are typical street prices for consumables (oil, pads, chains, filters, fluids) — always verify fitment and price at the retailer. Affiliate relationships are day-0 unmonetized (status "none" below) while the site scales; this file is the config that flips them on.
Brake fluid flush
Experience neededParts — Brake fluid DOT 4 / DOT 5.1
Tools — torque wrench (bleeder and banjo bolts), vacuum brake bleeder or speed bleeders, clear tubing and catch bottle, syringe, fresh DOT-spec fluid, sealed bottle
Editorial estimate, not separately itemized in the research corpus: roughly 1 hr of bleed/flush labor at the shop-rate bracket implied by the oil-change pricing in docs/research/demand-competition.md, plus fluid. Verify locally before quoting.
Some links may earn TOSPEC a commission at no cost to you. Prices shown are typical street prices for consumables (oil, pads, chains, filters, fluids) — always verify fitment and price at the retailer. Affiliate relationships are day-0 unmonetized (status "none" below) while the site scales; this file is the config that flips them on.
Coolant flush
Experience neededParts — Coolant Silicate-free, ethylene-glycol coolant for aluminum engines, e.g. Motorex Coolant M3.0 — protects to at least −25°C (−13°F)
Tools — torque wrench (drain bolt), drain pan, funnel, coolant hydrometer or refractometer, distilled water (if mixing concentrate)
Editorial estimate, not separately itemized in the research corpus: roughly 1 hr of coolant-flush labor at the shop-rate bracket implied by the oil-change pricing in docs/research/demand-competition.md, plus coolant. Verify locally before quoting.
Some links may earn TOSPEC a commission at no cost to you. Prices shown are typical street prices for consumables (oil, pads, chains, filters, fluids) — always verify fitment and price at the retailer. Affiliate relationships are day-0 unmonetized (status "none" below) while the site scales; this file is the config that flips them on.
Notes & corrections
Coverage gaps
Where the catalogues run out. Flagged in the open, never guessed at.
Oil spec: 2013–2015 not yet mapped
TOSPEC research
Gen 1 years before the 2016 manual; likely JASO T903 MA like 2016 but unconfirmed — fill in a later wave.
Oil spec: 2017–2020 not yet mapped
TOSPEC research
The MA→MA2 switch happens in this window. The 2020 manual (read during research but not registered as a source this wave) also states JASO T903 MA2, so the true boundary is 2017–2019; variants are scoped to registered sources only — fill in a later wave.
Oil capacity: KTM's manual gives a single figure (the fill-with-filter-change amount) rather than separate drain/with-filter numbers.
TOSPEC research
This is a small single-cylinder engine with a combined oil-and-transmission sump; drain_l is left null per the schema's own guidance rather than estimated.
Air filter: Gen 3 (2024+, all-new frame/airbox) air filter part not found in the HiFlo catalogue during this research pass.
TOSPEC research
New chassis likely means a new air filter shape; left unverified rather than assuming the gen 1/2 part carries over.
Front brake pads: 2013-2014 and 2023+ not covered by this EBC catalogue row.
TOSPEC research
The front caliper/rotor is a single 320 mm disc with a 4-piston ByBre caliper across gen 1 and gen 2, so FA606HH plausibly extends to 2013-2014; left unverified rather than assumed. Gen 3 (2024+, new frame) is a genuinely new chassis and not assumed to share the shape.
Rear brake pads: Multiple retailers (aomc.mx, brakecrafters, motospunk, htrzmodz) cite EBC FA213HH as the rear pad for 390 Duke 2014/2015-2022.
TOSPEC research
Not independently confirmed against the EBC catalogue PDF itself in this research pass (retailer-only agreement, one source kind, doesn't meet this dataset's cross-confidence bar). A likely-correct candidate, left as unverified/null rather than asserted.
Chain & sprockets: Gen 3 (2024+) link count not found — new frame/swingarm means chain length may differ even though the OEM manual repeats the same 15:45 / 520 spec.
TOSPEC research
front_t/rear_t/pitch are OEM-confirmed for gen 3 too (15:45, 520 X-ring, same manual quote as gen 2), but the exact link count for the new chassis is unconfirmed, so the whole gen-3 chain value is left null rather than guessing the link count.
Research notes
Context from the research trail — how a fact was pinned down.
Oil spec: KTM's manuals publish a JASO T903 rating and an SAE viscosity but no companion API service category.
TOSPEC research
api_floor is null because KTM never states one — every 390 Duke manual checked (2016, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024) omits an API letter grade. A community claim of 'API SJ or close' circulates but is not in the manual text and was not used.
Viscosity: The manual prints the grade as 'SAE 15W/50' (slash); the schema's canonical hyphenated form '15W-50' is used here — same grade, notation normalized only.
TOSPEC research
Spark plugs: KTM's own manuals show a Bosch-brand part change from VR5NEU (2016, 2020, 2021 manuals) to VR6NEU (2022, 2024 manuals), with the tightening torque also rising from 15 Nm (M12) to 18 Nm (M12x1.25) on the 2024/gen-3 engine.
TOSPEC research
NGK's EU part-finder lists a single LKAR8AI-9 entry covering the whole '390 Duke' line from 2013, which we take as the cross-brand equivalent for both Bosch part numbers; the 2013-2014 pre-import years and the exact model-year boundary of the Bosch VR5NEU→VR6NEU change were not independently pinned.
Brake fluid: The gen-3 (2024) manual's SUBSTANCES section does not repeat the brake-fluid entry that gen-1/gen-2 manuals carry (it jumps straight to Coolant).
TOSPEC research
Likely a documentation omission rather than a spec change; applied lineup-wide from the gen-2 manual's explicit text pending a gen-3 confirmation.
Battery: KTM's own OEM battery type code differs by generation: FTZ-9 on the gen-1 (2016) manual vs ETZ-9-BS on gen-2/3 manuals (2020-2024) — same voltage/capacity (12V, 8Ah), different brand-line code.
TOSPEC research
Multiple independent retailers (motoracingshop, others) cross-reference both KTM OEM codes to the same Yuasa YTX9-BS, which is used here as the single cross-brand equivalent for the whole model run.
Service intervals: Gen 3 (399cc, new LC4c engine) doubled the km-based interval from 7,500 km to 10,000 km — a real, OEM-confirmed change, not a rounding difference.
TOSPEC research
DIY & your warranty
Doing this yourself won't void your factory warranty. The federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act bars a manufacturer or dealer from voiding your warranty just because you — not the dealer — did routine maintenance. To deny a claim they must prove the specific work caused the specific defect. Use spec-compliant parts and fluids, and keep your receipts.
FTC on the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act · Full guide: dealer or DIY?
KTM 390 Duke maintenance FAQ
How much oil does the KTM 390 Duke take?
About 1.5 litres with a filter change — the manufacturer's with-filter figure, not the larger dry-rebuild number that circulates online. Confirm against your owner's manual.
What oil does the KTM 390 Duke need?
It calls for 15W-50, JASO MA2. A wet clutch means the JASO class matters — don't substitute an energy-conserving car oil.
What brake pads fit the KTM 390 Duke?
The front caliper (ByBre 4-piston, single disc) takes EBC shape FA606HH. Pads are resolved by caliper and year, not by model name, so verify your caliper before you order.
How often does the KTM 390 Duke need an oil change?
Every 6,200 miles or 12 months, whichever comes first, per the manufacturer's schedule. Shorten it after track days — used-oil analysis is the only rigorous answer to how much.